The effect of dietary intake of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) derivatives related to the lipid profile and blood pressure: A systematic review.

In this systematic review, we discuss the scientific evidence about the effect of dietary intake of seeds and sesame derivatives on lipid profile and blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive and dyslipidemic individuals. Clinical trials published in English, Portuguese or Spanish were searched on the following databases: Lilacs, PubMed, Isi Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Trip Data Base and Scielo. The bibliographic search period was started in September 2013 and ended in January 2014. The biases of risk analysis were carried out considering 6 of the 8 criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1. Of the 7 clinical trials included, five evaluating individuals with hypertension observed a significant reduction in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure. The two articles that evaluated individuals with dyslipidemia showed improvement in lipid profile. The mechanisms of action are still being studied. Regarding the bias risk analysis, clinical trials included showed few descriptions of the methods applied. There are few studies about sesame ingestion, and it was observed high risk for bias in the selected studies. More standardized methods with attention to the design of studies are needed to improve the level of the evidence.

Effects of the Intake of Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) and Derivatives on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review.

This study is aimed at assessing the scientific evidence on the effect of the intake of sesame seeds and derivatives on oxidative stress of individuals with systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review was conducted in seven databases (Lilacs, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Trip Database, and Scielo) from September 2013 to January 2014. Clinical trials on the intake of sesame seeds and derivatives assessing the outcomes related to oxidative stress were retrieved. The risk of bias in the results of the studies selected was assessed according to the criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. This review included seven clinical trials showing that the intake of sesame resulted in the increase in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, as well as in a reduction in oxidative stress markers. This was mainly observed with the use of sesame oil for hypertensive individuals during 2 months and black sesame meal capsules for prehypertensive individuals during four weeks. Most studies involved a small number of participants, sample size being considered a limiting factor for this review. In addition, a significant heterogeneity was observed in the type of population studied and the type of sesame and derivatives used, as well as their amount. The follow-up time was considered a limiting factor, because it varied in the different studies. The high risk of randomization and blinding biases found in the studies assessed determines lower scientific evidence of the results. Despite the limitations and biases identified in this systematic review, sesame showed relevant effects on oxidative stress, suggesting it could increase the antioxidant capacity.

Índice de Alimentação Saudável: avaliação do consumo alimentar de diabéticos tipo 2 / Healthy Eating Index: evaluation of food consumption by subjects with type 2 diabetes

Clinical and epidemiological researches conduct to the links between diet and chronic diseases, however few methods assess the overall diet quality. The aim of this study was to determine the Healthy Eating Index of people with type 2 diabetes. Social and demographic information about 67 subjects suf fer ing from diabetes had been col lected and, from the diet history, scores were determined following the recommended servings of the American Pyramid Food Guide for the five food groups. Energy percentages of total and saturated fats, cholesterol and sodium consumption, besides diet variety were evaluated. The subjects featured poor education and income levels, besides low-qualification occupations. After classification of the scores, it was observed that 52.2% and 7.5% of the subjects consumed diets requir ing improvements and poor diets, respectively. The ingestion of vegetables, fruits and milk was lower than the dietary recommendations, contrarily to the consumption of total and saturated fats, cholesterol and sodium. It is reasonable to follow up these patients aiming to improve their diet quality, especially the ingestion of low-fat dairy products, fruits and vegetables, thus contributing to the control of diabetes mellitus and comorbiditiy rates.

Las investigaciones clínica y epidemiológica conducen a la asociación entre la dieta y las enfermedades crónicas, pero son pocos los métodos que permiten evaluar la calidadglobal de la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el índice de alimentación saludable para los diabéticos tipo 2. Recogimos lainformación socio-demográfi ca de 67 pacientes y, con la historia alimentar, se determinaron los puntajes de acuerdo a las porciones recomendadas por la Pirámide de Alimentos de los Estados Unidos para los cinco grupos dealimentos. También se evaluó el porcentaje de energía de grasas total y saturada, el consumo de colesterol y de sodio, además de la variedad de la dieta. Los pacientes presentaron bajo nivel educativo y de ingresos y ocupaciones de baja cualificación. La clasifi cación de los puntajes mostró que 52,2% y el 7,5% de los pacientes tenían dietas que requieren mejoras y pobres, respectivamente. La ingestión de frutas, verduras y lácteos fue inferior a la recomendación dietética, al contrario del consumo de grasatotal y saturada, colesterol y sodio. Es necesaria la vigilancia a estos pacientes para mejorar la calidad de su dieta, especialmente cuanto a la ingestión de lácteos con bajo contenido de grasa, frutas y hortalizas, que contribuyen alcontrol de la diabetes y sus comorbilidades.

Pesquisas clínicas e epidemiológicas conduzem à associação entre a dieta e doenças crônicas, porém poucos métodos avaliam a qualidade global da dieta. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o Índice de Alimentação Saudável de diabéticos tipo 2. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas de 67 diabéticos e, a partir da história alimentar, determinados os escores segundo as porções recomendadas pela Pirâmide Alimentar Americana para os cinco grupos de alimentos. Foram também avaliados os percentuais energéticos de gorduras totais e saturadas, o consumo de colesterol e de sódio, além da variedade da dieta. Os diabéticos apresentaram baixo grau de escolaridade e de renda, além de ocupações de baixa qualificação. Classificando os escores, 52,2% e 7,5% dos diabéticos apresentaram dietas que necessitam melhorar e pobres, respectivamente. A ingestão de vegetais, frutas e laticínios foi inferior às recomendações dietéticas, ao contrário do consumo de gorduras totais e saturadas, de colesterol e de sódio. Justifica-se a necessidade do acompanhamento destes pacientes, visando melhorar a qualidade das dietas, especialmente quanto à ingestão de produtos lácteos com baixo teor de gordura, frutas e vegetais, contribuindo para o controle do diabetes Mellitus e de comorbidades.